| TEMPERATURE EQUIVALENTS FOR STANDARD PYROMETRIC CONES (°F) (As Determined at the National Bureau of Standards ) |
| LARGE CONES |
| small |
| CONE |
| Heating Rate in °F/Hr |
| Color |
| Firing Stage |
| Customary Firing Application |
| 108°F/Hr |
| 270°F/Hr |
| 540°F/Hr |
| 302 |
| "black |
| free water "boils" out |
| 437 |
| heat" |
| alpha to beta cristobalite inversion |
| 1022 |
| alpha to beta quartz inversion |
| 1067 |
| 022 |
| 1085 |
| 1112 |
| 1165 |
| dehydration |
| 021 |
| 1116 |
| 1137 |
| 1189 |
| 90% complete |
| 020 |
| 1157 |
| 1175 |
| 1231 |
| 019 |
| 1234 |
| 1261 |
| 1333 |
| dull |
| overglaze colors |
| 018 |
| 1285 |
| 1323 |
| 1386 |
| red |
| enamels and gold |
| 017 |
| 1341 |
| 1377 |
| 1443 |
| ceramic decals |
| 016 |
| 1407 |
| 1458 |
| 1517 |
| 015 |
| 1454 |
| 1479 |
| 1549 |
| glass sagging |
| 014 |
| 1533 |
| 1540 |
| 1596 |
| chrome & red glaze |
| 013 |
| 1596 |
| 1566 |
| 1615 |
| 012 |
| 1591 |
| 1623 |
| 1650 |
| cherry |
| 011 |
| 1627 |
| 1641 |
| 1680 |
| red |
| most of |
| lustre glaze |
| 010 |
| 1629 |
| 1641 |
| 1686 |
| organic matter |
| 09 |
| 1679 |
| 1693 |
| 1751 |
| now burnt |
| 08 |
| 1733 |
| 1751 |
| 1801 |
| cherry |
| away |
| low firing lead & |
| 07 |
| 1783 |
| 1803 |
| 1846 |
| red to |
| fritted glazes |
| 06 |
| 1816 |
| 1830 |
| 1873 |
| orange |
| teracottas |
| porous biscuit-low |
| 05 |
| 1888 |
| 1915 |
| 1944 |
| mature |
| fire earthenware |
| 04 |
| 1922 |
| 1940 |
| 2008 |
| orange |
| 03 |
| 1987 |
| 2014 |
| 2068 |
| changing |
| 02 |
| 2014 |
| 2048 |
| 2098 |
| to |
| 01 |
| 2043 |
| 2079 |
| 2152 |
| yellow/ |
| earthenware |
| industrial earthen |
| 1 |
| 2077 |
| 2109 |
| 2154 |
| orange |
| matures |
| ware, bisque and |
| 2 |
| 2088 |
| 2124 |
| 2154 |
| bone china glost |
| 3 |
| 2106 |
| 2134 |
| 2185 |
| yellow/ |
| 4 |
| 2134 |
| 2167 |
| 2208 |
| orange |
| teracottas |
| 5 |
| 2151 |
| 2185 |
| 2230 |
| yellow to |
| melt, increasing |
| 6 |
| 2194 |
| 2232 |
| 2291 |
| lt. yellow |
| formation |
| semi-porcelain |
| 7 |
| 2219 |
| 2264 |
| 2307 |
| of beta type |
| salt glaze |
| 8 |
| 2257 |
| 2305 |
| 2372 |
| yellow |
| cristobalite |
| stoneware |
| 9 |
| 2300 |
| 2336 |
| 2403 |
| with white |
| bone china bisque |
| 10 |
| 2345 |
| 2381 |
| 2426 |
| tinge |
| & some porcelain |
| 11 |
| 2361 |
| 2399 |
| 2437 |
| intense |
| porcelain |
| 12 |
| 2383 |
| 2419 |
| 2471 |
| yellow- |
